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About the Book In 2023, Parties to the Paris Agreement on climate change adopted a decision on ‘transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems, in a just, orderly and equitable manner’. Implementation of this landmark decision will hinge to a large extent on what is deemed ‘just, orderly and equitable’. According to this paper, the Paris Agreement’s core principles of equity and ‘common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities’ of countries require that developed countries take the lead in the transition while also supporting developing countries’ own transition efforts. However, developed countries continue to exceed their fair share of the global carbon budget and are in many cases even planning to expand fossil fuel extraction. Developing countries, on the other hand, face huge challenges in shifting away from the fossil fuel sector, currently a key source not only of energy but also of revenue and employment. They are in fact doing much more than their fair share of climate action despite the many challenges they have to deal with. In light of this, only a transition that advances energy access and promotes sustainable development can deliver climate justice. Dr RADHIKA CHATTERJEE and INDRAJIT BOSE are Senior Researchers at the Third World Network. Contents Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. ‘Just, Orderly, and Equitable’ Transitions in the Context of a Fair Sharing of the Global Carbon Budget Fair sharing of the global carbon budget 3. Developed Countries’ Slow Pace of Energy Transition and Fossil Fuel Expansion Plans ‘Drill, baby, drill’: Fossil fuel expansion plans of some developed countries 4. Challenges of Developing Countries in Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels China India Malaysia 5. Conclusion Annex I Table 1: Extent of dependency on fossil fuels of some developed countries in 2024 Table 2: Extent of dependency on fossil fuels of some developing countries in 2024 Table 3: Solar installed photovoltaic (PV) power and concentrated solar power (CSP) Table 4: Installed wind turbine capacity Annex II Summary of Case Studies Presented in the Paper Endnotes
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