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The Equatorial Africa of this study--Gabon, the Congo and the Central African Republic--has a long, sad history of slavery and the deprivations of foreign forest product extraction. For the forest communities of the region the slave wars, conquest, forced resettlement and labour in extractive industries and the lumber camps has meant the undermining of their ways of life. Deprived of rights and marginal to national economies built up on oil, timber, coffee and diamonds, these people still find themselves deprived of a political voice or control of their destinies. Leaked studies carried out for the World Bank and published here for the first time, show how the foreign dominated timber companies act with complete contempt for tentative resurgence of community authority and the re-awakening of long-submerged indigenous traditions of equality and justice. CONTENTS Introduction
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Slave and Enclave: The Political Ecology of Equatorial Africa